There is no more human, and no more important, goal than coming to know who we each truly are. But the journey to know the self is not easy; it is arduous, humbling, and the work of a lifetime. Yet without searching for who we are, and securing the freedoms that self-knowledge brings, we cannot turn to address the challenges of how we should live, where we belong, what we should do, and to whom we should devote the limited time and energy of our lifespan. Against our current crisis of meaning, there is no more powerful response.
The western tradition has unique and invaluable insights to questions about the self. The Ancient Greeks made the fundamental discovery that self-knowledge lies at the very heart of wisdom. Γνῶθι σεαυτόν, “Know thyself”: these two words, carved above the entrance to the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, provided more powerful guidance than the Oracle inside ever could. As Socrates, who first forced the Greeks to interrogate their lifestyles and lazy assumptions about the world, famously said, “the unexamined life is not worth living”. If we don’t ask difficult questions of ourselves, are we even truly alive?
But what does it mean to know oneself? Are we seeking to uncover our character, understand our desires, explore our consciousness, navigate our future, or something more? What is the relationship between mind and body? Is the self to be identified with the human soul? Or, if there is no soul, what becomes of the self?
Across the centuries, these essential questions have elicited radically different positions. In charting the western tradition, our MA program will explore how ideas of the self evolved. Greek philosophers, following the lead of Socrates and Plato, explored the various ways in which reason, friendship, habit, and virtue can shape an individual to live a better life among one’s peers. The Neoplatonists of Late Antiquity, infused with the rapid spread of Christianity, turned their focus inward, understanding self-knowledge as part of the soul’s return to its divine source. Medieval scholastic thinkers brought systematic rigor to the study of the human person, examining the union of body and soul, the powers of intellect and will, and the ultimate ends towards which human life should be ordered. The Renaissance provoked intense fascination in the individual’s self-determination, whose radical subjectivity could shape whatever world it encountered. . More modern thinkers and psychologists have complicated this picture further by emphasizing the human psyche, along with its unconscious elements, as the true seat of the self. In short, the answers are still to be debated.
How should we explore and integrate these different approaches? What assumptions about human nature – and about reality itself – determine where we look for the self, what we believe it to be, and why we think it exists at all?
In pursuing these deep and enduring questions together, Ralston students will each undertake a personal search for self-knowledge. This is an exacting and ennobling task, calling for honesty, humility, curiosity, wonder, and the courage to follow the search wherever it may lead, even beyond the very selves we thought we knew.